The Law Of Attraction And Your Wealth

The Law Of Attraction And Your Wealth

Rev Dr Raven Dolick MsD

Dec 5, 2016

With the release of The Secret followed by the outstanding response it has garnered, a lot of people are speaking about the Law of Attraction. The problem is that not half of these people know what they are talking about.

The Law of Attraction is not an enchantment or a potion that will wish all your problems away. There are things that need to be done if you want to experience its richness in your life.

This posting specifically deals with the implementation of the Law of Attraction in gathering money, but really it is about all its various applications that can help in improving your life.

Sit back, free up your mind from all its clutter, and have a good read.

The Law of Attraction – What It Really Is and What It Is Not

It is somewhat amazing to see how much talk there is about the Law of Attraction and how few people actually know about what it is. The Law of Attraction is not a spell that you use and things begin happening that way. It is not that you chant "like begets like" a thousand times a day and see things happening the way you want. If the Law of Attraction were so simple, we would have already witnessed the world as a much better place by now.

People explain the Law of Attraction in various ways. The commonest definition you will find will be something like this:-

"If you strongly believe that something should happen, it will certainly happen."

A sentence couldn't be any simpler, but you will immediately realize that this raises more questions than it answers. The question of desires is the most important. Is it only what we desire and think about strongly that will happen? Or will things that we don't desire also happen if we somehow think strongly about them? Then there is also the question of internal conflict of thoughts. At times, there could be situations where we think equally in both ways. For example, we may think that a job could be ours or not. So how do we apply the Law of Attraction in such a case? Or what do we do when we are thinking strongly about something and someone else is thinking strongly about the exact opposite thing? What will happen in that case?

In order to be able to reply all these questions, it is important to first understand what the Law of Attraction really says.

Notwithstanding the various ways in which the Law of Attraction has been defined, we can break things down in the following four elements:-

We must know exactly what we want.

We must begin a thought process for it, and begin vociferously asking the universe to make it happen.

We must then visualize a situation wherein we already have what we are hankering for, and we must live in that reality.

At the same time, we must not attach ourselves to what might happen. We must only think about having it. There is no room for apprehension.

Objective and Subjective Thinking

One of the main steps toward understanding the Law of Attraction to a greater degree is to understand what the word "thought" really means. Throughout the description of this law, you will find that it doesn't refer to thinking in the way that we do. We think that we exist, we are in a particular situation, there are certain people with and around us, there are things we are with and so on. Whatever we see becomes real for us, and that becomes a part of our thought. However, this is not the kind of thought process that the Law of Attraction talks about. This is known as objective thinking.

But, in order to see the implementation of the Law of Attraction in our lives, we have to first shun the concept of objective thinking. We have to adopt a higher level of thinking, which is subjective thinking.

Why do we think that our spouse is real? Because we can see them. But this is objective thinking.

With subjective thinking, things will be the other way round. We think our spouse is real and therefore we see them. Now, that is subjective thinking.

Your job isn't real. But because you believe so concretely that it is real, it becomes a reality for you.

Your situations aren't real. However, your firm belief that they are happening makes them real for you.

This is the realm of subjective thinking. When you think subjectively, things are more or less like how you are seeing a dream. When we see a dream, how do we picture ourselves? Is our "dream" self the real us? No, we are the ones who are "seeing" the dream. We are just the frame of reference, the consciousness. Whatever is happening in our dream is our perspective. That is how thinking works in the subjective world.

In this world, what we see is actually just a manifestation of our thoughts. Now, that doesn't mean those things aren't real. What that means is that those things are present in our consciousness. Just as we might be able to alter things in our dreams, by applying the Law of Attraction, we could alter things in our "real" life as well.

ROMANI WITCHCRAFT

Romani Witchcraft

an 18 page exhaustive
Dr Raven Dolick MsD/Chovihano
all rights reserved
written from us, to us and BY US! about us!
the only way to our truths, romanip`en, traditional values and ethnic life style is to work and seat next to us shoulder to shoulder.

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The essence of Romany Witchcraft - or more properly Sorcery - is in the mindset born from the nomadic way of life and the resultant eclectic culture. Preserving Shamanic traditions from India, the Sorcery of the Near East, and ancient Eurasian and Western European beliefs and practices, Romani tribes can be said to be a major source and conduit of magical tradition for those who practiced Historical Witchcraft. Traveling throughout Eurasia and beyond, and adopting local traditions, they can be regarded as important carriers in the transmission of ideas throughout the history of Witchcraft.
Some caveats are first needed before we proceed however. As observed by skeptics, Romani and Gadjo alike, most Romanis do NOT practice magic or fortune telling, or any of the other stereotypical habits of Gypsies. Even whole tribes have lost the art. However some tribes in every nation do contain, in varying degrees, clans that specialize in sorcery. For example amongst the British Romanichal and Welsh Kale tribes the Lee and Stokes clans are believed to contain many hereditary sorcerers (hence the number of fortune tellers who adopt this surname).
The practice of sorcery is a closely guarded secret revealed only to the initiated, even within Romani society, and so many do not know their own heritage (particularly in the modern westernized state). However all Romanis know the Bari Hukni, or 'Great Trick', the deception required in order to survive in a hostile environment. The first manifestation of which being the 'lie' that the Gypsies were on a seven year Christian pilgrimage in Europe, and so had the right to freedom of movement. All 'Christian' Romani wore crosses, but called them 'Trushul', derived from Trishula, the Trident of Shiva (symbolizing birth, life and death). The making of a sign of a cross to ward off evil was also used by Romanis, some say they introduced it and that it has nothing to do with a crucifix. From this 'Great Trick' was spawned the many 'little tricks' (the origin of huckstering from hukni?), which ranged from poaching (from poachy, Rom for pocket), to fake 'fortune telling', or Dukkerin, and 'magical' confidence tricks (such as treasure finding or curse removal). Due to this most Romani regard magic as a mere trick for Gadjos.
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The Origins and Culture of the Romani
Before exploring Romani Sorcery directly in practical terms it will be useful to explore the origins of the Romanis, as a possible clue to their cultural and magical roots which are still mysterious and controversial.

Proto-Gypsies and Synthesis
Just over half of the Romani population shows evidence of North Indian origin according to genetic studies and their language is closely related to Sanskrit and Hindustani (about a 75% similarity has been demonstrated). However this is complicated by the fact that Romani culture is generally closer to Semitic culture than to Indian, and in particular Jewish culture with its Kosher rules. At the same time it also contains western Indo-European features. Recently scholars have observed that this combination was also typical of the Mitanni culture of Anatolia and Syria in 1500 BC, the ancestors of the Kurds, a mixed Indo-Persian aristocracy in a Semitic Amorite culture, overlain on a non-Semitic Hurrian grassroots, whose dominant language was almost identical to the Aryan Sanskrit variant originally spoken by its ruling class.
The ancient Hurrian tribes were also renowned metal workers (they taught the Sumerians the art of working copper) as well as sought after trainers and dealers of horses, much like the Romani were. They were also known for their sorcery. The coincidence is too much for many, thus the reality perhaps involves a series of migrations and cultural exchanges between Anatolia and the Indus Valley. The Romani people probably emerged from this melting pot. The Romani language contains many militaristic terms, indicating they were a nomadic warrior caste at some stage. Thus the orthodox Indian origin of the Roma is now challenged.
The Mitanni are also interesting in that their capital is believed by many scholars to have been the biblical Harran, city of the Moon God Sin. Thus is interesting for two reasons, firstly Harran is said to be the original home of the pagan Sabian and Yezidi Cults, and secondly it was not only the first place Adam and Eve arrived when they left Eden, according to Chaldean mythology, but also the biblical location from where Abraham gathered his tribal followers and began his journey into Canaan and Egypt. These followers were probably the famous nomadic raiding tribes from the Harranian plateau, known to the Egyptians as the Habiru, the most violent being recorded by them as the tribe of Ben Yamin (or Benjamin).
Some of these Habiru tribes no doubt stayed around Harran, while others settled in Canaan or Egypt (the latter serving the Hyksos elite, Semitic invaders who came to regard themselves as Egyptian after ruling the country for a few generations) A few Habiru clans may have left Egypt with the historical 'Moses', if he really existed, later becoming known as 'the Hebrews', with the rest remaining. Thus there may have emerged a common culture and even kinship amongst some of the various nomadic tribal peoples in this region (Aboriginal, Semitic, Indo-Ayran etc, and their hybrids), of which the Romani were just the latest and largest addition, after the post-Islamic expulsions from India swelled this Middle Eastern subculture disproportionately.
Curiously the name Harran means 'road' or 'crossroads', with Harranians being thought of as 'people of the crossroads', and a controversial derivation of the name Rom, not generally taken seriously today, is that it derives from Drom, 'road' or 'path', and once meant the 'people of the road'. Drom is a very important concept for the Roma, both mundanely and esoterically and relates to the idea of having a path, either as a vocation or practical direction in life, to know where one is going and to stick to it. Though typically the path is discovered intuitively and our knowledge of our 'true path' may vary in life. The term is certainly used by Romanis, but whether it is the origin of their name, and that of the Dom, is highly speculative and not supported by any evidence. A more convincing etymology with evidential support is described below, but nothing is certain.
The other nation closely associated with the Romani are the Dom. These are a genuinely aboriginal people who migrated from India to the Middle East. They were, and are, showman and musicians by trade as are many Romani. They also had a cult of thieves, with a trickster-thief deity, while some Romani, revered the two 'thieves' crucified with Christ as patron saints. However the Romani language is quite different to Dom language, and the Romanis regarded the Dom as being of a 'lower caste'. Though the name Rom itself may be based on Dom. Dom is said to either come from the Sanskrit root 'Dam', meaning 'drum' or the Tamil term Itum meaning 'prank', and Rom may be a later word modelled on this. Rom either coming from the Bihari word Rouma, meaning 'man' or from Sanskrit Rom , meaning 'husband' (Romni = 'wife'), as opposed to Chav, meaning 'boy', 'unmarried' or 'immature'.
This reflects the Romani belief that early marriage (often from 12) was crucial for personal development, and the importance of it in general both mundanely and esoterically. The Dom were also closely linked with Tantric practises, and Dom women were typically chosen as sexual partners by left hand path Tantricists, due to both their low social status and alleged attributes. Dom were often divided into professional 'tribes', such as Biharis, performers and musicians; Madari, bear and animal trainers; Sapere, snake charmers; and Loharis, blacksmiths. The closely related tribes of the Banjaris, or Lambadas (traders), and the Lambanis, perhaps even more ancient than the Dom, were preservers of an archaic form of Shakti devotion. Male Dom were often acrobats and jugglers, and many were masters of the whip. Self-flagellation was a common practise amongst them as an ordeal, and seems to have been initiatory. Apparent links between the Roma and the Dom include the Bihari clan, a Romani family named after a Dom tribe (however this is complicated by a region of Hungary being called Bihar, though the reason for this is unknown). A likely scenario is that some Dom tribes were absorbed into the Romani nation (traditionally referred to as the 'Company of Romani and Chavs').

Other people once thought related to the Rom and Dom are the Lom. The Lom are an itinerant people of mixed Indian and Armenian origin living in Turkey, but their language is quite different to either Romani or Dom. They are also curiously known as Posha. Posh Rat in Romani means 'half blood' (Kalo Rat = 'black blood' or the rarer pure Romani) and is usually used to indicate half breed Romani (as opposed to Diddikai or part Romani). This may indicate some relation. The Lom are often now regarded as partly a similar people to the Dom, hence name, but from a different region of India. Like the Dom some might have been absorbed into the Romani.

The Sinti
The Sinti (Sinto m Sintika f) are a mysterious Gypsy people famous for their magical reputation. The name is believed to be derived from Sind, in Pakistan, however their culture is the most Middle Eastern of all the Gypsies (the grammar of the name Sinti is also not Indian). Others associate them with Sin, the Semitic Moon God of Harran, who by late Chaldean times had been Hellenized into a Lunar Goddess Aa, and perhaps Sina, the Fey Witch Queen archetype of the Roma and Sinti.
The Romani claim them as one of their tribes or nations, the most ancient and first to leave their homeland (India?) and settle in Mesopotamia. The Sinti themselves however often deny Romani origins and claim they are related to the Chaldeans, or more mythologically that they are descended from the companions of Abraham on his journey to Egypt (Habiru?). This would closely equate them with Harran and the Mitanni mentioned above. Most Sinti now reside in Germany, Northern France and Poland, a small number also settled in Britain from Germany in Victorian times. They became particularly associated with fairgrounds and fortune telling. They speak a different dialect to other Romani, unintelligible to most, but have some overlap with the Romanugro. They are also distinguished by their refusal to adopt Christianity or Islam, unlike the Romani for whom conversion was common, albeit nominally. Though a few escaped this trap, many Romani in Albania and Kosovo joining Sufi Orders for example.
It may also be relevant here to observe that Sind was once part of the Harrapan civilization in the Indus Valley circa 4000BC, which would have a close relationship with Sumeria. One theory suggests that the famous Gundestrup Cauldron of the proto Celtic La Tene culture (175 BC), with its image of the 'Celtic' Horned God, Cernunnos, in lotus position, apparently derived from the Lord of the Animals of this civilization, originally came from India. Seated beneath the ivy, with the ram-headed serpent of the underworld in his left hand, the stag free to his right, and surrounded by twined wolf, lion, bull and fish gods. This might attest to contact between early Celtic nomads and the more ancient, metal working, Indo-Persian nomads (the Sinti ancestors), who were once linked to Harrapa. Certainly the cauldron was made by equestrian, warrior nomads, who revered a dualistic, wheel carrying deity and goddess, according to its imagery.

Mythic Origins
Various mythic origins exist for the Romani, both from themselves and from Gadjos. Their basic legend is that they came from Rom Chal, their original state, 'the Land of the Rom' or 'Children of the Rom', a great civilization or people that fell, or was lost in a flood, and its people scattered by God (Chal also means 'home', 'heaven', 'golden age', 'children' or 'migrants' to different tribes). The English Romanichal equate their origin with historical 'Rome', but this is no doubt an error.
Some Christianized Romani equate Chal with Egypt, and call themselves the 'Pharaoh's people', believing themselves to be descended from the Egyptians (or 'Egyptoi') scattered after the Red Sea closed behind Moses' passage or in a similar failed crossing by an ancestral people. This might reflect a legend preserved by the Habiru, but perhaps is an adoption (reclamation) from anti Romani Christian propaganda. As was the claim they were descended from the Blacksmiths who made the nails for the crucifixion and so were cursed to wander (now chased by the supernatural nails!). The Blacksmith connection coming from the Judaic belief that Romanis were descended from the smith Tubalcain and the musician Jubal Cain, or sometimes just the nomad Cain, or the offspring of Lilith and Adam. A belief some Romanis happily adopted. More positively they also claimed descent from the Three Magi, or according to Agrippa, the first 'Cushite' sons of Ham.
In the East the Romani claimed to have emerged from the underground kingdom of Agharti, or Nagaland (home of the Nagas or 'Serpent People'), though also claim to have only taken shelter there after some disaster or persecution (gaining great magical knowledge from their hosts). This might be a half remembered initiation tradition merged into a myth of original emergence.
Curiously of all the Gitanos (Spanish Romani) once claimed kinship with the Guanches of the Canary Islands, whom orthodoxy claims are descended from the Mesolithic ancestors of the Berbers. While Voltaire thought the Guanches to be of Atlantean origin (as well as the Basques), and the Canaries to be the peaks of the mountains of Atlantis, and so equated the Gitanos with a similar origin!

Historical Origins
According to researcher Roger Moreau the oldest and most eastern location definitely associated with the Romanis was Dasht i Nawar, 'the desert of the Gypsies', near Ghazni in Afghanistan . They lived there for three hundred years until the mid 11th century he claims and most of their early militaristic language supposedly derives from this time. He concludes they were resettled Indian mercenaries following the Islamic invasion of India. They then migrated into Persia and across the Persian plain westward. This is now often considered part of the orthodox theory of Romani migration.
Other researchers point to Gypsies living around Constantinople long before the 11th century, where they were regarded as refugees from Egypt. It was then they were first called Egyptoi or 'Egyptians'. They were considered the latest of several waves of migrants into Anatolia from the Middle East. Contemporary scholars have suggested that one of the first written references to them, under the term "Atsinganoi" (Greek, of unknown meaning), dates from the Byzantine era during a time of famine in the 9th century. In 800 AD, Saint Athanasia gave food to "foreigners called the Atsinganoi" near Thrace. Later, in 803 AD, Theophanes the Confessor wrote that Emperor Nikephoros I had the help of the "Atsinganoi" to put down a riot with their "knowledge of magic". "Atsingani" was also used to refer to itinerant fortune tellers, ventriloquists (an early name for 'psychic mediums'), snake charmers and wizards who visited the Emperor Constantine IX in the year 1054. They also brought acrobats and trained bears. The hagiographical text, The Life of St. George the Anchorite, mentions that the "Atsingani" were called on by Constantine to help rid his forests of the wild animals which were killing off his livestock. They are later described as sorcerers and evildoers and accused of trying to poison the Emperor's favorite hound. The Church associated them with the Paulicians - promiscuous, glossolalic Christian 'Gnostics', under possible Manichean influence (perhaps reflecting both the dualistic nature of Romani culture, their pseudo-Christianity and a possible Tantrism of early Gypsies).
Their name might mean 'those who do not touch', which may refer to the typical taboos of the Roma. In later texts Egyptoi and Atsinganoi are used interchangeably, and 'Gyptoi can be demonstrated as a term used for Romani peoples in the Middle Ages. Though some believe they were the ancestors of the Sinti rather than Romani proper. Thus a possible theory arises that there were at least two factions of Egyptoi, the proto-Sinti, of mixed ancient Indo-Ayran|Amorite|Hurrian origin, and the Indo-Ayran Romani, of medieval origin, more numerous and closer to Indian than Chaldean. But as both spoke variants of Sanskrit and had similar origins they were merged into a singular population, with the larger population of Romani becoming linguistically dominant while adopting much proto-Sinti culture, with the Sinti proper being those who retained the older traditions and language in purer form.
The 'Egyptians' settled around Modon, Greece in the 12th century. This became known as Little Egypt and its denizens became known as Gypsies ('Gyptoi). It is believed by many that various nomadic peoples made up the Romani people, and here merged and unified their culture. From here in subsequent centuries many migrated into the Balkans, which became their new home for generations, adopting much from and giving something to the local culture. Others crossed the Med into North Africa, either via Crete or through Palestine (eventually making their way around to Spain), and again adopted much local tradition, particularly in North Africa. The Balkan Romanis eventually arrived in Germany, via Bohemia, and from there moved north to Scandinavia and west into France. They then entered Italy, via France. The French initially referred to them as Bohemians due to their supposed origin and culture (a term later extended to artistic dropouts). Romanis also entered France from the South in the form of the Gitanos of Spain and North Africa (where they cohabited with Berbers).
Finally the Romani arrived in Britain in the late 14th and early 15th century. In Ireland and Scotland they exchanged memes with Irish Traveler, or Tinker, culture, as well as other British nomadic traditions elsewhere. These were often referred to as Didikai by Kalo Rat Romanis. They would first immigrate to America from here also (though later immigration was from all over Europe).

Nations and Tribes
The exact socio-cultural division of the Romani people is hard to define, and controversial, but scholars sometimes simplify things by dividing them into ten 'Nations' (based on geographic, linguistic and cultural difference), subdivided into more traditional Tribes (based on activities and/or identical language and kinship, or for Roma by 'common ancestor'). These tribes, tens of thousands large, themselves consisting of several Clans, or extended families, often several hundred scattered people with common name. While this is very useful others think it is a little Procrustean. While modern Roma may talk about unity (Shena) in an enlightened way, the Roma traditionally only exhibit such loyalty to their actual families, Amare Familia (Our Family) and to a lesser extent their Clans, or to the Companies, groups of families traveling together and sharing an economic bond (in Balkans amongst settled Romanis some of these became craft guilds, each with their own patron saint, secret symbols and initiatory practices).
Most Companies were informally run in a similar way to most nomadic peoples, but among the Kalderas tribe, a more organized from of government and court system developed that would influence many other tribes. This was the Kris, or court of elders, who made all the important decisions, arbitrated over differences and judged in legal trials (with penalties ranging from fines, through hexes, to banishment from the Company). But this only applied to the most important and difficult decisions, serious crimes and major transgressions of tradition, everything else was decided consensually at the Divan ('round table'), around which whole families or Companies met.
In everyday life the notion of the tribe for most Roma was one only for mythological stories of cultural origins, and the 'Nation' of the anthropologist was unknown, in fact they sometimes regarding these other 'nations' as not being real or pure Roma (not Our Roma, Amare Roma), or of some other 'unclean' people ('foreign Roma'), which often led to feuds. All affinity and loyalty being reserved for those they lived or worked with, not any abstract notion of kinship.
Despite the defining geographical associations of the various nations and tribes, there was also considerable overlap, with for instance Romanian Kalderas arriving in 19th century Scandinavia, and now regarded as native as the local Rommani, who have been there since the late Middle Ages and were once considered more indigenous. Though many Rommani still regard them as newcomers and foreigners of course. This needs to be borne in mind when we explore the possibilities of cultural transmission.

The Ten Nations (and their tribes):
1. The Kalderashi (or Vlach Roma). The most numerous, traditionally copper smiths, from the Balkans, many of whom migrated to central Europe and North America, heavily adopting local Balkan practises and language elements; Example Tribes - Kalderas (main Kalderashi tribe from Romania, renowned for openness to Gadjos); Lovari (Horse traders and musicians of Hungarian origin); Machvaya (Kalderash of Serbian origin); Boyash (low caste Kalderash of Romanian origin, divided into Kashtale, 'woodworkers', Rudari, 'miners' and Ursara, 'bear trainers'); Rusurja (Ukrainian Roma); Ashkali (Albanian Roma); Gurbeti (Serbian horse traders, unique for veneration of protective Saint Bibi (Aunt), who shares many features with Durga); Jambazi (Traveling horse traders between Balkans and Turkey, related to Gurbeti).
Common Vlach Clan names include Stojka (related to Stokes), Lakatos, Bihari
Vlachi is a Romungri term, and Kalderashi a generalization, both are accepted by them, however, they call themselves Roma, čáče Roma (true Roma), or sometimes mesal'ake Roma – literally "table Roma", after the table around which the family or company gathers. In Vlachi folklore we often find the expression sunto mesal'i (sacred table) in reference to it.
The Kalderashi rever the Queen of the Fey and Witches as Dina, but also know her as Sina (see below).

2 The Cikani or Bohemian Gypsies. The now extinct, pre Holocaust Bohemian and Moravian Roma. These were the link between the Balkan Roma and the Western Europe Roma.

3. The Romungri This is a Kaldereshi term for northern settled Gypsies. There are two subdivisions Hungarian Rom, or Ungrika; and the Servika, further divided roughly into Transylvanian/Ukrainian Roma and Slovakian/Southern Polish Roma, these were mostly horse-dealers, peddlers, blacksmiths, and entertainers; A common nickname and rare Clan name amongst the Slovakians is Dzugi, derived from a Persian Dom Clan, the Djugi, whose name comes from the Sanskrit Yogi, 'holy beggars'. This Clan rejected caste, taboos and tradition and also practiced Indian occultism. The nickname may be partly intended in jest as such behavior was rare in the Balkans
The Romungri had absorbed some linguistic elements from their neighbours, the Sinti, but the two languages were unintelligible to each other. This point is a crucial one regarding the transmission of ideas, which was often difficult between Romani nations and even tribes. Though contact through the host language was always possible, but more likely between Romani and Gadjo. The name of Gana, for Dina, Queen of Witches and Fey, derives from this people, and is most commonly found in Transylvania, where she is the bride of the Devil.
Note : Transylvanian Roma also include nomadic Vlachi, who share a common Transylvanian culture with the above, at least in part.

4. The Sinti. Mostly in Alsace and other regions of France and Germany. Other experts, and Sinti themselves, insist that Sinti are not a subgroup of Roma but rather a separate ethnic group which also had Indian origins and a history of nomadism; They form a fairly uniform group with tribal divisions reflecting locale or profession. Many Sinti were associated with Fairs. They refer to Gadjos as Hexo, meaning 'dim', as do the Finnish Kale and some Turkish tribes indicating a possible relation. The name Sinti may be related to Sina, a dialect name of Queen Dina.
The Manushe. From Manu (Man). French and Italian Romani held to be a subgroup of the Sinti. They differ from them only in having a more Romani type language. They are thus possibly a Sinti - Romani hybrid formed in northern France. Mostly organized as groups of traders, fair workers and hucksters (allegedly Italian Manushe have links with the Strege or Italian Witches)
The Sinti-Manush are often musicians, fairground people, fortune tellers, circus artists, or other entertainers. Their Clan names are often of German origin.
It is likely that a popular Continental term for Gypsies, the Hungarian term Cigany (Bohemian Cikan, Russian Cygan, German Zigeuner, French Tsigane and Italian Zingari) initially designated the Sinti-Manush group who arrived first, but was later extended to all Romani. An alternative derivation is from the Atsingani. Though as we have seen these might be compatible.

5. The Gitanos (also called Calé). Mostly in the Iberian Peninsula, North Africa, and southern France; associated with entertainment; There is a minor tribal division between the Cale of North Africa, the Gitanos of Iberia and the Gitan of France. The latter two speak Calo, a Spanish dialect with many Romani loan words, known locally as 'the black tongue'. They are also associated with the Black Madonna, known to them as St Sara. She in turn is sometimes called Sara the Kalee, literally Sara the Black (a connection with Kali is often suggested, but this could be coincidence). She is probably the local form of Dina or Sina. They maintain a strong tradition of Egyptian origins. Their Clans are identifiable from their Spanish names.

6. The Romnichal (or Rom'nies). Mainly in Britain and North America; Divided into two tribes, the Romnichal proper, of England and Scotland/Ireland, and the now almost extinct Kale of Wales, though the difference is slight (with the Welsh Kale seemingly regarding themselves as purer and genuinely preserving Persian elements in their dialect). Romnichal in Ireland and Scotland speak a dialect slightly influenced by Shelta, the language of the non-Romani Tinkers. While the English Roma merged with indigenous migrants. The main English Clans are the Boswells and Lees, while the main Welsh Clan were the Woods. There was a tradition of large Clans designating their elders as Kings of the Gypsies, but this seems to have impressed Gadjos more than fellow Romanis.
There are unsourced legends in English Witchcraft of persecuted Gadjo Sorcerers and Witches seeking sanctuary amongst the Romnichal (the same is also said of renegade monks in some tales). This may be true, though in the Balkans all non-Romani magic users were considered evil and taboo. The Romnichal know Dina as Diana, or perhaps even Danu in some places.

7. The Arli (also known as Yerlii or Erlides). Settled in southeastern Balkans and Turkey. An understudied grouping. Dominant tribes being the Muslim Rom Sepečides, the Ayjides of Istanbul (often bear trainers, from Turkish Ay, bear), Macedonian Roma and the Medvedara (Greek Roma, also bear trainers); The dominant Greek Clan is the Demeters. Greek Romani may have known Dina as Artemis or even more fittingly as Hecate. They are one of the few Romany groups to preserve the ancient serpent cult, and many still keep snakes as pets.

8. The Rommani. Scandanavian Roma. Generally divided into tribes of Norwegian and Swedish Rommani, both of presumed Bohemian origin, but the difference is slight. Rommanis are often called Tatars in Sweden and Norway, and Wandriar in Norway.

9. The Kaalee. Finnish Roma refered to locally as 'blacks'. Possibly related to Sinti.

Unclassified Roma tribes include the Errumantxela, a hybrid Basque - Gitan people; the Luri, Entertainers of Persia/Iran and Arabia; and the Qawliya of Iraq. The Zargar are a Balkan tribe who returned to Persia. Curiously it has been observered that Romnichal, Gitanos, Kalé, Sinti, Manush, and others do not use Roma when referring to themselves, but to others.

Mercury Retrograde Survival Guide

Camp Romani Tarot and Tea Lounge Astrology

Mercury Retrograde Survival Guide

A Camp Romani New Mexico Exclusive

Mercury Retrograde, although not quite as popular as Sun sign astrology, “Mercury Retrograde” has certainly become a buzzword – or buzz phrase – these days.
And as a Master Astrologer it is scary to note just basic information is shared in the common pagan society as of today.
Well we do not serve stale out dated bread here........

What is Mercury Retrograde?
Three, and sometimes four, times a year, the planet Mercury appears to be moving backwards in the sky for a period of approximately 3 weeks.
“Appears” is the key word here my lovelies, because, technically speaking, no planet actually moves backwards in their orbits around the Sun. In fact, they don’t even slow down.
Retrograde-station-direct cycles are essentially illusions that result from our point of view from Earth, simply because the Earth is also orbiting the Sun at a different speed than the other planets. Mercury turns retrograde more frequently than any other planet. It can never be more than 28 degrees from the Sun, and whenever it reaches its furthest distance from the Sun, it changes direction.

As the planet of communication, Mercury retrograde tends to breed a certain level of confusion. Mercury rules our “lower” mind–how we perceive and interpret information that we receive from our environment, and how we relay that information to others. Mercury has rulership over such things as speaking, negotiating, buying and selling, listening, formal contracts, documents, travel, the mail and shipping, and so forth. All of these areas of life are affected when Mercury is functioning in a sluggish state. Decision-making is challenged during Mercury retrograde. Needless to say, it is not advised to sign contracts, engage in important decision-making, or launch a new business. Delays and challenges are more probable with Mercury retrograde. This period is best used for re-organizing and reflecting.

Now For This Months Mercury Retrograde
Always allow at least two days before (to slow down) and after Mercury retrograde (to resume regular activities):

Mercury in station - immediately before and after going retrograde, the planet appears to be standing still because its movement is so slow. Be still, take time out, don't make any verbal or written commitments.

Mercury in shadow - after going direct, the planet briefly retraces the path it was on before the beginning of the retrograde period. Review the past three months and make plans for the next three months.

Mercury direct - the planet resumes its regular speed. Return to normal daily activities.

The Next Mercury Retrograde Cycle
Dec. 19, 2016-Jan. 8, 2017
Mercury Retrograde

Many of you know the drill: Count on greater misunderstandings, as all communications are more likely to suffer; expect delays and/or undelivered mail or messages. EXPECT to write and rewrite in the present and WISH to rewrite the past. Always get repairs done of any kind before Mercury Retrograde begins or wait until it ends.

Emergencies excepted, Mercury Retrograde is definitely NOT the time to start a new relationship, a new job, or long-term project — let alone a new career; it is not the time enter into binding commitments (marriage, financial, or otherwise) without the absolute expectation of necessary modifications, alternative compromises and/or reversals in the original plan and/or intent. Unless it’s an emergency, it is generally not a good idea make or go to medical appointments during Mercury Retrograde.

Interpersonally, communications at all levels are problematic, and we are inclined to think slower – process communications slower! We have to be patient with each other and ourselves. Expect computer issues – not the least of which will likely include slower connections (also MUST back-up data).

EXPECT misleading information — if not deception (especially with Neptune in Pisces); EXPECT missed appointments, traffic problems, the failure to keep one’s word because of a promise that could not be kept; misplaced documents, more compute-related problems.

Any Mercury Retrograde cycle is THE time to re-think, re-do, re-define, re-organize, re-assess, re-orient, and/or re-plan without taking action on the “new plan” until after Mercury Retrograde ends. It is the time for completions; i.e., cleaning up paperwork, paying old debts, doing what we’ve promised that hasn’t been completed OR otherwise handling those matters responsibly.

It is not the time for repairs to machinery or automobiles in particular; chances are, repairs have to be made to the repair! It IS the time to chill – to *think* more than we expand our activities; plan what to change and how to move forward after Mercury Retrograde ends. Think of it as an *opportunity* that comes around 3 or occasionally 4 times in a year.

NO ONE escapes the discomfort of Mercury Retrograde — wherever we have Gemini, or Virgo in our natal charts, we are going to experience the effects of any Mercury Retrograde cycle.

Mercury “rules” those individuals with a Gemini or Virgo Sun. Those with a Gemini Sun, Moon, or Ascendant, will, most likely, be in the uncomfortable position of having to re-think exactly where they are most comfortable; i.e., easy, adaptable communications suitable for the moment. On the other hand, for the Gemini who is aware of Mercury Retrograde, the opportunity exists to clarify communications — being so precise there is little room for misunderstanding.

Virgo Sun, Moon, or Virgo ascendant, will likely experience the usual difficulties presented by a Mercury Retrograde cycle; however, their main opportunity is to analyze how they may be the carping critic and unnecessarily complicating matters for everyone with whom they are in contact. The main issue will likely be analyzing everything to death with slower reasoning powers, so all the analyzing actually gets in their way. Other issues may be intolerance for disorder or totally rationalizing a double standard they might be using to manipulate a situation.

Mercury will be retrograde in one zodiacal sign or the other, and those whose Sun, Mercury, Moon, or Ascendant in that sign will be seriously affected by the Mercury Retrograde cycle of the sign.

To reiterate, during any Mercury Retrograde cycle, one should not enter into any binding agreements or life-altering commitments. Commitments made during a Mercury Retrograde cycle are most often commitments not kept. Where agreements cannot be avoided, there should be an expectation of having to modify the agreement at some point during its term. The signing of any important document should either be put on hold or signed with the knowledge that it will likely have to be changed in some way.

We are all being forced to loosen our grip on one or more situations in order to prepare for what is coming. The first half of Mercury Retrograde is the time for the greatest reflection and introspection.

During the second half of Mercury Retrograde, people will be especially inclined to just get on with business/life as usual — foolishly so. Added tension stems from a new perspective and the added awareness that we are literally blocked from doing what we feel ready to DO to the fullest extent. What we SHOULD focus on is physical, mental, spiritual, and emotional well-being, as well as plans for greater fulfillment in our lives after the cycle ends.

REMEMBER: Sleep deprivation during Mercury Retrograde causes extreme confusion, inflexibility, and general difficulty staying in reality-based thought. When we feel the least bit sleepy it is EXTREMELY IMPORTANT, not to mention — refreshing — to STOP what we are doing, and close our eyes just long enough to allow the sleepiness to subside. It can be as little as 2-5 minutes.

REMEMBER ALSO: During ANY Mercury Retrograde cycle, most folks are inclined to think/process information slower — just “BE” with that, and USE it for deeper thinking about any subject, issue, or idea. Be patient with each other.

Mercury Retrograde also affects all modes of travel and all modes of communication. It is definitely not a good time for travel (and we should do so ONLY when our Personal Energy Influences show positive indications). EXPECT greater stress in any event. Also, it is no secret that when people use cell phones while driving, the distraction can cause disastrous accidents. During Mercury Retrograde, the hazard is multiplied when those who use them are so busy talking (not to mention texting) they go through red lights or don’t stop for pedestrians on a busy street, or even see animals (and animals can’t think). People are supposed to be able to think, but thinking is more often impaired during Mercury Retrograde, and, when using a cell phone – let alone texting – one’s thinking may not be sharp enough to negotiate both the situation on the road and the telephone interaction.

Whether we are pedestrians or behind the wheel of a vehicle – it will pay dividends to take an extra 10 seconds for a second and third look before leaving a GREEN light!!!

Special Note:
Also being left out but not in our astrological report is the empowerment's of knowing where a Mercury Retrograde is in your house chart!

From my work with "Astrology~Beyond The Basics", here is my out put for this mercury retrograde as it passes through my clients charts......

Mercury’s transits through the houses of the horoscope are relatively short. Because many charts are drawn with unequal houses, and because Mercury is sometimes retrograde, the length of Mercury’ stay in a house varies. Mercury acts to rationalize the areas of life ruled by the house it transits.



Mercury Transits to the Houses

Mercury Transits the First House

This is a period in which you are most inclined to speak up about matters that you previously were only mulling over. Your disposition is more intellectual than usual now, and self-expression comes easy. You are sharper than usual–more observant, and more inclined to “live in the head”. Relationships with siblings, neighbors, classmates, and casual friends may become more prominent in your life now. It is likely that you will initiate discussions during this period, evaluate your appearance and the impact you have on those around you, and make contact with others rather than stay chained to any one place or activity. This is the time to be direct and to communicate your needs and interests. You are more inclined to talk about yourself and your personal past now. This may also be a restless time when it is difficult to turn the thinking process off when it would be better to relax! It is an especially fruitful time for any endeavor that requires dealing with words, ideas, and facts and figures. Your demeanor is more youthful, perhaps mischievous, lighthearted, and non-threatening so that others may be more inclined to turn to you for advice or pleasant conversation. Using the power of words to attract what you want or to further your interests works best for you now.

Mercury Transits the Second House

This is a strong period for analyzing your cash flow, income, and earning power. You are more practical and rational in your approach to finances now. With your conscious mind focused on money and possessions, as well as personal values, this can be a strong period for gathering new money-making ideas. Alternatively, it could be a time when you tend to fret over your finances. Conversations tend to be practical rather than frivolous now. Financial gain may come through communications.

Mercury Transits the Third House

Mercury is right at home in the third house, and offers a natural curiosity, facility with words, and the ability to multi-task successfully. More time spent on the phone, writing emails, in the car making short frequent trips, chatting, running errands, communicating with neighbors and siblings, visiting friends and relatives, and doing paperwork is likely now. There can also be a tendency to fuss over insignificant matters now, however. Also, “information overload” is also a possibility. This may be a busy time with neighbors, classmates, siblings, and community affairs. Your interests are especially varied now, and perhaps scattered. It’s an ideal time to pick up information from your environment and the people in it, as your tendency is toward a certain level of intellectual detachment just now. Your mind is often distracted, particularly when circumstances call for you to stick to routine, so this is not the best transit for focusing on one task or project. Your mind is especially inquisitive during this cycle, when learning, short trips, and other forms of communication and making connections, appeal strongly. Some are fidgety or nervous during this cycle, perhaps due to increased errand-running, phone calls, and the like. Others enjoy the challenge of tackling a variety of subjects. As well, talking, writing, and studying can be good ways to handle stress.

Mercury Transits the Fourth House

This is a time during which you can enjoy increased powers of concentration. You may require solitude in order to get mental work done during this cycle. Your memory is more retentive than usual, and your thoughts often turn to personal matters, family, and loved ones. You might particularly enjoy discussions about your early life, the past, or family matters during this cycle. In fact, it’s a great time to open up conversations with loved ones, as you are more rational when it comes to personal matters now. Your mind often wanders to domestic concerns, and issues surrounding your home, family, and personal past. On the other hand, this transit sometimes indicates an especially busy, and perhaps hectic, period on the domestic scene. For example, you might take home work or find that people drop by your home often during this cycle.

Mercury Transits the Fifth House

During this cycle, there is a powerful mental connection with your creative self-expression. You are proud of your ideas, and very good at expressing them to others smoothly now. Your thinking is more creative than usual. You tend to entertain others with your conversation; and your sense of humor (and of mischief!) is especially strong. Your thoughts turn to children, pleasures, or romance during this expressive cycle. You might enjoy researching speculative ventures now. You especially enjoy games that involve competing with others on a mental level. You have a stronger need than usual for intellectual stimulation. Therefore, your friends and romantic partner are best appreciated now if they are intellectual types. You’re more willing to take risks on a mental level now, so take advantage of the increased spontaneity and creativity that comes with this position.



Mercury Transits the Sixth House

This is a good placement for Mercury, as it is the natural ruler of the sixth house. It’s an excellent period for sorting out the details of your daily existence. You are inclined to make to-do lists, pay bills and sort out clutter, and to do detail work on the job. Health matters are most certainly on your brain as well, and you could be thinking of scheduling check-ups or busy researching ways to improve your health. You may also show a keener interest in improving your basic skills. Your approach to work during this cycle is pleasant, happy, and logical for the most part, unless you allow worry or scattered energy to enter the picture. You are inclined to want to learn new work skills, or to improve your skills and output in terms of work. There is likely to be more activity, movement, contact, and communications with co-workers now. You tend to take more interest in organizing your working environment–and this is an excellent time to do so, as you are especially objective and intelligent when it comes to getting a handle on your daily affairs and all of the “little things” that contribute to a feeling of efficiency and competency. Menial tasks become more prominent. Watch, however, for tension or idle chit-chat interfering with your work output during this cycle.

Mercury Transits the Seventh House

You tend to weigh the pros and cons of every issue during this cycle, taking into account others’ needs as well as your own. Some indecisiveness is possible now, simply because you naturally entertain opposing viewpoints. You have a strong desire to cooperate and communicate with others now. You feel most comfortable spending time with people on a one-to-one level, or with those with whom you share a personal history. Your own thoughts become clearer through dialogue with others. You may be doing public relations work, counseling, negotiating, or arbitration during this cycle. There is a lot of emphasis on communications with partners and best friends at this time. You can use the power of words to advise others or to make peace with people in your life. You are more diplomatic than usual during this transit.

Mercury Transits the Eighth House

You are more intuitive now than usual, picking up all of the hidden cues from people around you and reading between the lines. This is an excellent cycle in which to do some financial planning and strategizing. Research is also highly favored. It’s also easier for you to approach sensitive, intimate, and personal matters with rationality and logic. As such, this is a great time to open up conversations about topics that normally might cause waves, such as those revolving around the sharing of power, intimacy, and finances.

Mercury Transits the Ninth House

Not content to focus on mundane, practical affairs just now, your mind turns to bigger visions, thoughts, and ideals. You are open to expanding your knowledge base during this cycle, and communications from or with someone far away may be part of the picture. You are putting everything into perspective now, rather than compartmentalizing. Instead of simply shooting the breeze, you are more inclined to discuss broader philosophies now. Your inclination during this cycle is to think about the “big picture” rather than the mundane circumstances and details of your life. Missing appointments and other forms of forgetfulness could be part of the picture now.

Mercury Transits the Tenth House

You are likely thinking a lot about your career and business matters, or your career requires more communication than usual during this cycle. You speak with authority during this period, and you are more accountable than usual for what (and how) you communicate. Your ideas may come into public view now. Use the power of words to influence authority figures. This is an excellent period for developing career and professional plans or strategies. You may be turned to for advice or for your opinion on important matters. Although approachable and ready to communicate, you are less inclined towards chatting about frivolous matters now. You tend to think about your position or standing on a professional level more frequently during this cycle. You are likely doing some multi-tasking regarding career and business matters. Negative use of this influence would be to worry unnecessarily about your reputation and responsibilities.

Mercury Transits the Eleventh House

Your mind is bright, alert, and active during this cycle, and you have the ability to come up with unusual and inventive ideas. Sharing your thoughts with others is a prime interest. Others tend to particularly enjoy your conversations during this transit–you are willing to listen as well as add your own thoughts. As well, your ability to grasp unusual subject matter and to intuitively understand what others are trying to say win you some brownie points! You could also do a lot of thinking and musing about your own happiness and long-term goals.

Mercury Transits the Twelfth House

Your mind is focused on private matters and past issues during this cycle. This is a time when you are least likely to speak out of turn or to express yourself freely. You’re searching behind the curtain, and examining the past for answers. This is a good time for research, quiet contemplation, and meditation; but do avoid being dragged down by issues that have outgrown their worth and purpose. Examining the past in order to improve the future is certainly worthwhile, as long as you don’t waste your energy on guilt. Creative endeavors could prosper now, particularly those that draw upon the emotions or that require creative visualization skills, such as poetry, art, acting, and other such activities. You are likely to require a certain amount of solitude in order to get your thoughts together or to be mentally productive. You are less likely to chat indiscriminately during this transit, and tend to be a little secretive or tight-lipped for the time being. This may be important, in fact, because this position is sometimes associated with the uncovering of secrets, so discretion may be in order.

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Comparison of Romany Law with Israelite Law and Indo-Aryan Traditions

Comparison of Romany Law with Israelite Law and Indo-Aryan Traditions

CAMP ROMANI·FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 23, 2016

Comparison of Romany Law with Israelite Law and Indo-Aryan Traditions

Dr Raven Dolick MsD/Chovihano’

all rights reserved

The Romany Law is the heart of the cultural and spiritual character of Roma people, and the actual source from which the true origins of this people are to be found. Here we present how all elements of Romany Law are in sharp contrast with Indo-Aryan culture and tradition, while in perfect harmony with the ancient Israelite Law and with pre-Talmudic Judaism. Since the supporters of the Indo-Aryan origin argue that these Laws may have been the result of Christian influence, here we show also a comparison with Christianity, considering the patterns of the Christian culture with which Roma have been in touch since their arrival in Europe until recent times. This means, a Christianity in which the Bible was not popular but restricted to the clergy, not written in the people's language but in Greek or Latin, and a Christianity in which any Jewish original element has been replaced by Greek conceptions and interpretations of the Bible. Roma had no way to know the Hebrew meaning of the Bible, nor the Mosaic precepts either, which were not known even by those people that used not to miss any church gathering. As a matter of fact, Christian influence has contributed in straying Romany culture away from Bible patterns rather than bringing them nearer. It is well known the fact that the first time in history that Roma approached the Scriptures (namely, in their known history) has been after the Shoah, when the majority of Roma have joined Evangelical and Messianic movements ‒ but the laws and traditions shown here belong to the ancestral Romany culture. In the same way, most of the differences between Romany Law and modern Judaism concern the fact that the definitive patterns of Judaism have been established in the Talmudic period, when part of the ancient Israelite Tribes were already in exile in India and no longer acknowledged as Hebrew. As a result of this separation (during the Assyrian exile, after the 8th century b.c.e.) some aspects of the Romany Law are even closer than modern Judaism to ancient Israelite patterns. Another curious fact is that, while in modern times a relevant number of Jews feel attracted by Indian culture and philosophy, Roma feel not any attraction at all; Indian life-style and disciplines remain completely alien and unappealing to them. For the readers who are Roma: Some of the terms and descriptions here are of an impure character and are not suitable for conversation, by which the author ask excuses, first to the elder Roma who deserve the maximum respect, and to all the Romany people. They are mentioned with scientific purposes (quoting also Bible verses that contain such terms), in order to establish a comparison and recognize the insurmountable differences between Romany culture and the Indo-Aryan peoples' traditions.For a better comprehension, the laws and rules are gathered in the following sections: Religious Belief, Justice Laws, Sexual Behaviour, Marriage Rules, Childbirth, Death Rules, Afterlife, Purity and Impurity Rules, Miscellaneous Traditions and Customs.Mosaic Law

Romany Law Judaism Indo-Aryan Laws ChristianityReligious Belief "You shall have no other gods before Me". Strict monotheism Strict monotheism Polytheism-pantheism, with a main deity and many lower ones. Monotheism(Exodus 20:3)* ** * * "You shall not make any image of anything that is in the Heavens, or in the Earth: you shall not bow yourself down to them, nor worship them".There is not any traditional image or symbol of the Divinity, nor it is conceivable that God might be in any way portrayed. God cannot be represented by images. There are many representations of the divinities, as human, animals, male, female or androgynous. (see also: "Sexual Behaviour") The second commandment has been neglected by most of Christians; however, there is not any image of God, but of the saints (who are revered). (Exodus 20:4-5)* * * * * "You shall not take the Name of the Lord your God in vain, for the Lord will not hold him guiltless who takes His Name in vain". The Name of God is unknown. The Name of God is not mentioned. There are many different gods, and they are invoked by their names. There is no reserve in using the Hebrew Name of God, although translated.(Exodus 20:7)* ** * * "Remember the day of Shabbat, to keep it holy. You shall labour six days, and do all your work, but the seventh day is a Shabbat to the Lord your God". Some Roma still keep the seventh day as holy. Friday is called by the name of Parashat, and in the evening Roma use to light candles. The seventh day of the week is kept holy. It begins on Friday evening, when Jews light candles. Parashat is read on this day (Shabath). There is no such a custom among Indo-Aryan peoples. Monday is the holy day in Northern India. Christians have hallowed Sunday, and have never taught to light candles to honour the Shabath.(Exodus 20:8-10)* ** * * "You shall not blaspheme God, nor curse a ruler of your people". Blasphemy is a great sin among Roma, as well as cursing an elder.Blasphemy and curse are sins, as written in Torah. The concept of blasphemy does not exist at all. Blasphemy is a sin, yet, it is not unusual among people.(Exodus 22:28)* * * * * "Now there was a day when the sons of God came to present themselves before the Lord, that ha-Satan came also among them". "And ha-Satan stood up against Israel". "The children of Beliya'al have withdrawn the inhabitants of their city, saying: «Let us go and serve other gods»". Roma believe that there is one enemy of God (that is what Satan means in Hebrew), who is a fallen angel and less powerful than God, and is the enemy of Roma people. His name "Beng" is a word related with frog, that was a figure of the devil in the Jewish symbolism of the Roman period (see Revelation 16:13). This evil one is called also "bivuzhó" (impure) and "bilashó", a term that is equivalent to Belial.The devil in traditional Judaism is quite the same one as the Beng described by the Romany belief. There is no concept of devil among Indo-Aryans. There are only harmful gods (the asura), but they are not thoroughly bad as well as the devas are not completely good. They are equivalent in power and dignity. Among Iranians, the "principle of evil" resembles the Jewish-Romany devil in some aspects, but differs from it as Zoroastrism considers it equal in power to the "Good principle". In Christianity, the devil has been conceived as having mixed biblical and mythological features, however, close to the Jewish and Romany belief. (Job 1:6; 1Chronicles 21:1; Deuteronomy 13:13) Justice Laws "You shall not make marriages with them [other peoples]; your daughter you shall not give to his son, nor his daughter shall you take to your son". There are no social classes. The only sharp division exists between Roma and Gadje (non-Roma). There are no social classes. The only sharp division exists between Jews and Goyim (non-Jews). Indo-Aryan peoples have social castes that separate their own people. The legal system is founded on this division of society. Only in democratic times the social classes have been theoretically abolished from a legal viewpoint. Ethnic intermarriage is free.(Deuteronomy 7:3)* * * * * "Judges shall you make you in all your gates, according to your tribes; and they shall judge the people with righteous judgment". The Romany Court is the Assembly (Kris), composed by Judges according to their clans (that are like Tribes).The Jewish Court of Justice is the Sanhedrin, composed by Judges. The Tribes are no longer recognized. The judicial system is regulated by the Dharma, and is based on the caste system. The Judicial Court is an institution independent from confession and ethnicity.(Deuteronomy 16:18)* * * * * "One from among your brothers shall you set ruler over you; you may not put a foreigner over you, who is not your brother". Controversies among Roma cannot be judged by Gadje, but only by the Kris.It is against Jewish Law to have a foreign ruler. The controversies are judged according to the Dharma, that establishes the caste separation. The controversies are judged in civil courts, according to the national laws.(Deuteronomy 17:15)* * * * * "You shall not show partiality in judgment; you shall hear the small and the great alike; you shall not be afraid of the face of man; for the judgment is God's". The Kris must be impartial, without regard of the family or clan of the contenders. All Roma are equal before the Kris.The Sanhedrin must be impartial, without regard of the family or social condition of the contenders. The Indo-Aryan courts judge according to the caste to which the contenders belong. The controversies are judged in civil courts, according to the national laws.(Deuteronomy 1:17)See also: Exodus 23:6-8; Leviticus 19:15; Deuteronomy 1:16; 16:19; 25:1 * * * * * For the children of Israel, ... shall these cities be for refuge; that everyone who kills any person unwittingly may flee there. Then the congregation shall judge between the striker and the avenger of blood according to these ordinances. But if the manslayer shall at any time go beyond the border of his city of refuge, and the avenger of blood find him ... and the avenger of blood kill the manslayer; he shall not be guilty of blood, because he should have remained in his city of refugeIf there is a serious offense committed by a Roma person or family, the Kris should judge if that person or family must leave the territory where the offended part lives or works. The "blood avenger" does still exist in Romany Law and may take legal action against the offender if he/she enters the territory in which he/she has been banished. Theoretically, Halakhic Law still admits the actual fulfilment of the Mosaic rule; however, the modern Jewish society applies softer, less violent measures. The Indo-Aryan courts judge according to the caste to which the contenders belong. There is no such a concept as blood avenger. Christianity has abolished the concept of blood avenger. There is no territorial banishment. (Numbers 35:15,24,26-28)* * * * * But as for you, only keep yourselves from the accursed thing, lest when you have banished it, you take of the anathema; so would you make the camp of Israel accursed, and trouble it. There is an accursed thing in the midst of you, Israel; you can not stand before your enemies, until you take away the accursed thing from among you.This law may be applied to things or people. Roma cannot have any kind of relationship with the banished person, not even greetings and must avoid cross their ways. The offenses by which a person may be banished are quite similar to those established by Jewish Law. The accursed is called "mahrimé", a word related with the Hebrew "herem" both by sound and meaning. This law may be applied to things or people. Jews cannot have any kind of relationship with the banished person, not even greetings and must avoid cross their ways. The offenses by which a person may be banished are quite similar to those established by Romany Law. The accursed is called "herem". In Indo-Aryan social system the Dalit (untouchables) are excluded because they are outcasts, not for having committed any particular offense. There is not any regulated social exclusion in Christianity. (Jehoshua 6:18;7:13)* * * * * "If you lend money to any of my people, you shall not be to him as a creditor; neither shall you charge him interest"; "You shall not lend on interest to your brother: to a foreigner you may lend on interest; but to your brother you shall not lend on interest".Roma cannot ask interest for loans from their own people, but can do so from Gadje. Jews should not ask interest for loans from their own people, but can do so from Goyim. Only the upper castes may not lend at interest, but they can do so if they consider that there are valid reasons, and towards people they regard mean and sinful. Like among Indo-Aryans, the clergymen were not allowed to lend at interest, activity that was performed by the bankers. Now loans are regulated by civil law. (Exodus 22:25; Deuteronomy 23:19,20) Sexual Behaviour"Shem and Yefet took a garment, and laid it on both their shoulders, went in backwards, and covered the nakedness of their father. Their faces were backwards, and they didn't see their father's nakedness". Nakedness is taboo among Roma, allowed only within husband and wife, and among children. Even to show one's legs before an elder is a lack of respect. Images of sexual organs or erotic scenes are banished within the Romany home. Nakedness is taboo in mainstream Judaism, reserved only to the intimacy between husband and wife. Nakedness, even public, has been very common among Indo-Aryan peoples in ancient times. In India it is still considered a sacred thing and widely practised. Christianity has usually regarded nakedness as taboo. (Genesis 9:23)* * * * * "Neither shall you go up by steps to My altar, that your nakedness may not be exposed to it".Among Roma, any association of holiness with nudity and sex is considered blasphemy. The Kohanim and Levites must be extremely careful not to let see any intimate part of the body when offering the worship. Indian temples are plenty of representations of sexual organs and deities having sexual intercourse. Christianity considers nakedness to be unholy, though artistic nudes are admitted in paintings and sculptures. (Exodus 20:26)* * * * *"You shall not lie with a man, as with a woman. That is abominable... for whoever shall do any of these abominations shall be cut off from among their people". "If a man lies with a male, as with a woman, both of them have committed an abomination". "There shall be no sodomite of the sons of Israel".Roma consider homosexuality a shameful abomination and it is quite a rarity. It entails the definitive exclusion of the individual from the Romany community (in the past there was death penalty, then replaced by the declaration of impurity and expulsion). Mainstream Judaism regards homosexuality as an abominable sin. Homosexuality has been common among Indo-Aryan peoples since ancient times. The Vedic law recognizes it as a "third nature" of mankind (tritiya-prakriti). Even many of the Indian gods are androgynous, or able to change sex in order to have intercourse! The "transgendered" men (hijra) have official religious status. Mainstream Christianity considers homosexuality to be a sin, following the Bible patterns. (Leviticus 18:22,29; 20:13; Deuteronomy 23:17)* * * * * "A woman shall not wear men's clothing, neither shall a man put on women's clothing; for whoever does these things is an abomination to the Lord your God".Connected with the previous issue, among Roma it is not allowed to wear clothes of the opposite gender, even to disguise for joking. Orthodox Judaism is very strict in keeping male and female garments distinguishable and not allowed to be worn by the opposite sex. Although clothing of men and women are different among Indo-Aryans, there is not a strict prohibition. Different branches of Christianity have more or less restrictive or permissive opinions concerning this issue. (Deuteronomy 22:5)* * * * * "Whoever has sex with an animal shall surely be put to death". "You shall not lie with any animal to defile yourself with it; neither shall any woman give herself to an animal, to lie down with it: it is a perversion". "If a man lies with an animal, he shall surely be put to death; and you shall kill the animal. If a woman approaches any animal, and lies down with it, you shall kill the woman, and the animal: they shall surely be put to death".Zoophilia is such a revolting and despicable practise that has never been heard to have happened among Roma, and even talking about such a thing is offensive. Zoophilia is strongly condemned by all schools of Judaism, without any objection. Zoophilia is a common issue among Indo-Aryans. Such a perverted relationship is not as punishable as having sex with outcastes! [Visnusmrti 5:40-44] Some temples in India (Khajuraho) are depicted with such themes! Indian sages boast to be born from animals; queens and even the Aryan gods indulged in zoophilia. [Manusmrti 10:69-72; Mahabharata Adiparvan 95; Ramayana 1:13:24.33; etc.] Zoophilia is strongly condemned by all Christian religions and branches. (Exodus 22:19; Leviticus 18:23; 20:15-16)* * * * * "Do not profane your daughter, to make her a prostitute; lest the land fall to prostitution, and the land become full of wickedness".Virginity before marriage is essential in Romany culture, and prostitution is strongly condemned. Roma parents would never consent in profaning their daughters. Virginity before marriage is required in Judaism, according to the biblical principle. Sacred prostitution has always been common among Indo-Aryans. [Matsya Purana 70:40-60; Mahabharata III:2:23] It is usual among some Indian tribes to sell the daughters for prostitution. Even though virginity is not always required, prostitution is not approved. (Leviticus 19:29)* * * * * "None of you shall approach anyone who are his close relatives, to uncover their nakedness".(Leviticus 18:6)Complete list of forbidden incest relationships: Leviticus 18:7-17; 20:11-21.Among Roma incest is forbidden. The relationships considered to be incestuous are exactly the same listed in the Mosaic Law, with the same exceptions, namely: it is incest any relationship with ancestors or descendants and with their spouses and siblings, with one's siblings and step-siblings, and with one's in-laws; while it is legal to marry cousins. Judaism forbids the relationships listed in the Mosaic Law, and allows marriage between cousins as it is not listed and is legal. Incest has always been very common among Indo-Aryans, and also their gods had sexual intercourse with their sisters or daughters, which is a tacit religious approval of such relationships. All kinds of incest are still very usual among Hindus. Christianity forbids the same relationships that are illegal for Jews and Roma, but having a controversy about allowing marriage between cousins.Marriage RulesMarriage is an obligation. A man without a wife is incomplete, as well as a woman without husband. Members of the Kris must be married. Elder married women may be also Kris members. Marriage is an obligation. A man without a wife is incomplete, as well as a woman without husband. Members of the Sanhedrin must be married (though only men). The woman is a belonging of her husband and has no real rights within the family. Women cannot have authority roles. Marriage is a recommended condition but not an obligation. Unmarried people may take part at the authority institutions. * * * * * "Yakov served seven years for Rachel. Yakov said to Lavan «Give me my wife, for my days are fulfilled»". "Thus shall you tell David, «The king desires no dowry except one hundred foreskins of the Pelishtim»".Romany Law establishes that the groom's family pays a dowry to the bride's family. The dowry for a widow or divorced woman amounts to a half of the dowry for a virgin. In origin, Judaism followed the scriptural patterns: The laws of the Sages established a payment by the groom (for a divorcee or widow half of the amount paid for a virgin) but said nothing about a dowry from the bride's family. Among Indo-Aryans, it is the bride's family that should pay a dowry to the groom's family. This practise was common to all Indo-European peoples, without exception. Being the largest number of Christians of Indo-European culture, in the past it was the bride's family that used to pay a dowry to the husband's. Today such a custom is almost no longer practised. (Genesis 29:20-21; 1Samuel 18:25)* * * * * "If a man entices a virgin who is not pledged to be married, and lies with her, he shall surely pay a dowry for her to be his wife, he shall pay money according to the dowry of virgins".According to Romany Law, when a man has dishonored a woman, he should anyway pay the dowry to her family. Runaway couples are considered legitimately married. Judaism applies the Bible pattern if such an event still occurs. There is no compensation for the virgin's honour. In Christianity, runaway couples are not accepted as legally married. (Exodus 22:16-17):* * * * * "«You shall not take a wife for my son of the daughters of the Goyim. You shall go to my country, and to Nachor my brother, and take a wife for my son Yitzchak»". "Yitzchak called Yakov and said: «You shall not take a wife of the daughters of the Goyim. Go to the house of Betuel your mother's father. Take a wife from there from the daughters of Lavan, your mother's brother»". "Every daughter of the children of Israel shall be wife to one of the family of the tribe of her father".Marriage among Roma is endogamic, within members of the same clan (group of families descending from a common progenitor who is usually recognizable within few generations). This is not a rigid rule, but still observed by the large majority of Roma. The Tribes of Israel are no longer recognizable, except Levites and the Kohanim, who are bond to endogamic marriage laws. Among Indo-Aryans marriage is rigorously exogamic. Although it must occur within the same caste, it is forbidden within the same tribe or clan - a paradoxical rule, considering the fact that incest is widely tolerated. Among Christians, the overwhelming majority of marriages are exogamic. (Genesis 24:3-4; 28:1-2 Numbers 36:8)* * * * * "Then shall the father of the young lady, and her mother, take and bring forth the tokens of the young lady's virginity to the elders".It is a rule that the tokens of virginity are shown to the assembly after the wedding. It is an old Jewish custom to present the proofs of virginity. There is no record of such a custom among Indo-Aryans. This custom is not practised by Christians. (Deuteronomy 22:15):* * * * * "When a man takes a wife, and marries her, then he write her a bill of divorce, and send her out of his house. When she is departed, she may go and be another man's wife. If the latter husband write her a bill of divorce, and send her out of his house, or if the latter husband die; her former husband, who sent her away, may not take her again to be his wife, after that she is defiled; for that is abomination".Divorce is admitted in Romany society. It happens when the husband sends his wife out or else she goes away. Both can remarry. The wife cannot come back to her former husband again once she was married to another man. Judaism admits divorce according to the same biblic patterns. Divorce is not admitted among Indians. However, if it happens, there is no regulation that forbids the wife to return back to her former husband once she was married to another. Christianity is divided on this issue. Most Christians formally consider that divorced people cannot remarry, others admit remarriage. (Deuteronomy 24:1-4):* * * * * "If brothers dwell together, and one of them die, and have no son, the wife of the dead shall not be married outside to a stranger: her husband's brother shall take her to him as wife, and perform the duty of a husband's brother to her. It shall be, that the firstborn whom she bears shall succeed in the name of his brother who is dead, that his name not be blotted out of Israel".The law of levirate has been practised by Roma in the past. The definitive adoption of monogamy has rendered this rule hard to fulfil, as the brother of the dead husband is supposed to be still unmarried. However, alternative solutions have been framed to supply a descent to the childless couples. The law of levirate has been practised by Jews in the past. As well as it happened with Roma, it was the consolidation of monogamy that has caused this rule to be no longer practicable in most cases. Levirate existed among some Indo-Scythian groups; however, the brother of the dead husband had to marry another woman before the widow could marry him (another paradox, as the Indian family is monogamic! - the very reason that caused levirate to be vain among Roma is a requirement among Indians to render it valid). Levirate has never been taught to Christians, and if some peoples practised it, it was for their own cultural tradition. (Deuteronomy 25:5-6): Childbirth"If a woman conceives, and bears a male child, then she shall be unclean seven days; as in the days of her monthly period she shall be unclean. She shall continue in the blood of purification thirty-three days. She shall not touch any holy thing, nor come into the sanctuary, until the days of her purifying are completed. But if she bears a female child, [the period of purification is twice as long] ".Childbirth is impure and must occur outside Roma's dwelling place. Then, the mother is isolated with her child for seven days, followed by thirty-three days of less rigorous isolation. She cannot show herself in public unless she is called, she cannot attend religious services nor get in touch with any clean thing used by other people. The only difference with Mosaic Law is that the forty-day period of purification is the same for male or female child. Childbirth is impure and the mother is "niddah" for seven days if the child is male or fourteen days if the child is female. The additional thirty-three or sixty-six days observed during the Temple period have little application today, as they are related with the sacrificial system. Among Indians, childbirth conveys relative impurity for the mother, that stands aloof during ten days, being relieved of daily activities. Sometimes this period is extended to twelve days, but there is no record of any Indo-Aryan people keeping seven days plus thirty-three days. Christians have not any rule concerning impurity after childbirth, obviously a period of rest is kept by the mother as a biological need. (Leviticus 12:2,4,5) Death Rules"Until you return to the ground, for out of it you were taken. For you are dust, and to dust you shall return". (Genesis 3:19)Romany Law establishes that the dead must be buried with all the completeness of the body. Consequently, organs cannot be removed and autopsy must be avoided. To burn the dead is a great sacrilege. Judaism establishes that the dead must be buried with all the completeness of the body. Consequently, organs cannot be removed and autopsy must be avoided. To burn the dead is a great sacrilege. All Indo-Aryan peoples burned the dead (except Zoroastrians, that do not bury them either), and Indians still do so. The ashes are then spread in the river. Organ removal is allowed for donation. Christianity establishes that the dead should be buried. Organ removal for donation is generally accepted, as well as autopsy. * * * * * "He who touches the dead body of any man shall be unclean seven days: the same shall purify himself therewith on the third day, and on the seventh day he shall be clean: but if he doesn't purify himself the third day, then the seventh day he shall not be clean. Whoever touches a dead person, the body of a man who has died, and doesn't purify himself, defiles the tent of the Lord: because the water for impurity was not sprinkled on him, he shall be unclean; his uncleanness is yet on him".Death is impure, and all the close relatives of the dead are impure for seven days. The dead cannot be touched. During three days it is forbidden for them to bathe, comb, cut their nails or make themselves tidy (they can only use clean water to wash themselves, no soap). On the third day, they must wash themselves thoroughly and arrange their aspect, otherwise, they cannot do so until the seventh day. Death is impure, and all the close relatives of the dead are impure for seven days. The dead cannot be touched. The mourners cannot bathe, comb, cut their nails or make themselves tidy. This period is called shiva. Death conveys impurity to the dead's family for at least ten days, according to the caste they belong. It must be admitted that besides the difference in the number of days, the rules of mritakam (mourning period) are similar to those of Jewish shiva and Romany mourning. Christians do not have the concept of ritual impurity, and there are no special rules for the mourning period. (Numbers 19:11-13)* * * * * "This is the law when a man dies in a tent: everyone who comes into the tent, and everyone who is in the tent, shall be unclean seven days. Every open vessel, which has no covering bound on it, is unclean. For the unclean they shall take of the ashes of the burning of the sin offering; and running water shall be put thereto in a vessel: and a clean person shall take hyssop, and dip it in the water, and sprinkle it on the tent, and on all the vessels, and on the persons who were there, and on him who touched the bone, or the slain, or the dead, or the grave: and the clean person shall sprinkle on the unclean on the third day, and on the seventh day: and on the seventh day he shall purify him; and he shall wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and shall be clean at even".When death happened in Roma's dwelling place, all the food present in the house (in reference to "every open vessel") is defiled and should be thrown away. On the third day, the house is purified by burning incense (in reference to "the ashes of the burning of the sin"), and a virgin (clean person) sprinkles running water. This ceremony is repeated on the seventh day. Food is brought to the mourners by relatives or friends from another dwelling place. Since the sacrificial system is related with the Temple, the rules connected with it are not obligatory, consequently, the purification on the third day is not accomplished. Relatives and friends have to bring meals to the house where shiva is kept. During the ten-day mourning period, friends and relatives bring meals to the mourning family. As they burn the body of the dead, they sprinkle water on the ashes. The house is purified on the eleventh day with a religious ceremony. Christian mourning customs vary according to the church or denomination, and cultural traditions. No Mosaic rules are observed. (Numbers 19:14-19)* * * * * Mourning period customs: mourners stay at home, sit on low stools, cover the mirrors, do not use oils, perfumes or any kind of cosmetics, do not wear new clothes, do not listen to music, nor take photographs, nor watch television, do not paint, cannot cook and cannot greet people. Mourning period customs: mourners stay at home, sit on low stools, cover the mirrors, do not use oils, perfumes or any kind of cosmetics, do not wear new clothes, do not listen to music, nor take photographs, nor watch television, do not paint, cannot cook and cannot greet people. Mourning period customs: mourners stay at home, sit on the floor, avoid looking on the mirror, do not use items for personal adornment nor wear garish clothes, do not watch television, cannot give or receive gifts, nor participate in public activities. The first seven-day period is closed with a remembrance ceremony, then mourning is extended until the thirtieth day; they may bathe and comb, but not cut their hair or nails, nor listen to music or watch television, and must not wear new clothes. On the thirtieth day, mourners should celebrate a remembrance to close the strict mourning period. After the end of shiva, mourners keep sheloshim until the thirtieth day; during this period they may leave the home, wear shoes and bathe, but not cut their hair or nails, nor listen to music or watch television, and must not wear new clothes. On the thirtieth day, mourners should go to the gravesite and place a stone on top of the grave marker. A memorial service is held on the thirty-first day, or the eleventh day after the dead body was burnt. There are various rituals, among which the offering of pinda (rice balls).Afterlife"For to him who is with all the living there is hope; for a living dog is better than a dead lion. For the living know that they will die, but the dead do not know anything, neither do they have any more a reward; for the memory of them is forgotten; neither have they any more a portion forever in anything that is done under the sun". "But now he is dead, can I bring him back again? I shall go to him, but he will not return to me". Romany belief is that death is definitive and that there is no return. The idea of transmigration of the soul is absolutely unconceivable and even repulsive. The soul goes to definitive dwelling after death, either Paradise (Roma, unless they have been declared impure, and righteous Gadje), or damnation. Jewish belief is that death is definitive and that there is no return. The idea of transmigration of the soul belongs to some Kabbalistic branches, but is not based on the Bible. The soul goes to definitive dwelling after death, either Paradise (Jews, unless they have been wicked, and righteous Goyim), or damnation. All Indo-Aryan peoples believed in reincarnation, and Indians still do. They think that the soul takes another body, either human or animal. Christian belief is that the soul goes to judgement after death. (Qohelet 9:4-6; 2Samuel 12:23) Purity and Impurity Rules"You are to make a distinction between the holy and the common, and between the unclean and the clean".Romany patterns of purity and impurity are called "marimé", and are close to Mosaic rules. (see: marimé) Jewisn patterns of purity and impurity are known as "kashrut", regulated not only by Mosaic rules but also by Rabbinic institutions. Indo-Aryans do also distinguish between ritual purity and impurity, but their patterns differ from those of Jews and Roma. Christians do not recognize ritual impurity (groups that do so are labeled as "Judaizers"). (Leviticus 10:10)* * * * * "Speak to the children of Israel, and tell them, 'When any man has an issue from his body, because of his issue he is unclean... every bed whereon he lies shall be unclean; and everything he sits on shall be unclean... whatever saddle he rides on shall be unclean... whoever touches anything that was under him shall be unclean... If any man has an emission of semen, then he shall bathe... If a woman has an issue, and her issue in her flesh is blood, she shall be in her impurity... everything that she lies on in her impurity shall be unclean; everything that she sits on shall be unclean... whoever touches her bed or anything whereon she sits shall be unclean..."(Leviticus 15:2-23)Romany rules of human impurity are based on the Mosaic Law. In fact, emissions of substances from the lower body are impure, and whatever gets in touch with them. Consequently, since such emissions are likely to happen when sleeping, the act of sleeping is regarded as impure, and also the beds, as well as the seats and the garments that cover the lower body. When Roma wake up, the first thing to do is to wash oneself (Roma do not greet anybody until they have not washed themselves after having slept, as being still impure it is a lack of respect). Emissions from the mouth and the upper body are pure. Modern Judaism emphasizes the character of impurity of semen and menstruation, that require purification, which is performed through mikveh (ritual bath). Other emissions are of less importance; anyway, the first thing a Jew must do after waking up from sleeping is to wash his/her hands. Among Indians there is also the distinction between pure and impure body parts and issues, but according to different patterns: for example they regard impure several pertinences of the upper body like hair, tears, substances issued by ears, nose and mouth, and even eating! (but cow's dung and urine are pure...). "If one issues semen, whether it is a little or a lot, in sleep or while awake, he should touch it and should take the semen with his thumb and ring finger and rub it between his breasts or brows..." (Brhadaranyaka Upanisad 6:4:4-6). Further comments on the purity patterns for Indo-Aryans are superfluous. There are no ceremonies of purification among Christians. * * * * * "You shall therefore make a distinction between the clean animal and the unclean, and between the unclean fowl and the clean: and you shall not make yourselves abominable by animal, or by bird, or by anything with which the ground teems, which I have separated from you as unclean for you". "Notwithstanding, you may kill and eat flesh within all your gates, after all the desire of your soul, according to the blessing of the Lord your God which he has given you: the unclean and the clean may eat of it; only you shall not eat the blood; you shall pour it out on the earth as water".Roma consider that animals are either pure or impure, although their classification is different from the Jewish one (Written Torah was lost by the Lost Tribes). However, they have tried to keep this observance by logical patterns: for instance, dogs and cats are marimé because they lick themselves; horses, donkeys and any animal used for riding is impure because people sit on them; animals that eat flesh are impure, and so on. Impure animals cannot be eaten. Most Roma still reject meat which is not bloodless. Roma are quite fond of meat, mainly beef, and there are no drinking restrictions. Kashrut in Judaism is a distinctive sign, and the classification of those animals that may be eaten and those that cannot be eaten is still known thanks to the existence of the Written Torah. By tradition, Indians do not eat any kind of flesh, including fish, but those that do eat, try to avoid beef. Consequently, the ideal diet is vegetarian. They consider wine and alcoholic beverages to be impure, and many of them also avoid tea and coffee. Most Christians do not follow dietary rules (connected with religious precepts). (Leviticus 20:25; Deuteronomy 12:15-16)* * * * * "You shall have a place also outside of the camp, where you shall go forth abroad".(Deuteronomy 23:12)Among Roma, the camp is pure, by which the physiological needs must take place outside the dwelling place. In modern houses, the rest room has a separate status and is built outside, when possible. In Judaism, the rest room is the only one in the house that has a separate status, and no mezuzah is placed on its entrance. Among Indo-Aryans, there was not any separate place for one's physiological needs, as there is not a "public domain outside". Among Christians, the rest room has to do with privacy, but not with impurity.

Miscellaneous Traditions and Customs"I will give this people favor in the sight of the Egyptians, and every woman shall ask of her neighbor jewels of silver, jewels of gold, and clothing; and you shall put them on your sons, and on your daughters. You shall despoil the Egyptians. The children of Israel did according to the word of Moshe; and they asked of the Egyptians jewels of silver, and jewels of gold, and clothing. The Lord gave the people favor in the sight of the Egyptians, so that they let them have what they asked. They despoiled the Egyptians".Romany tradition explains that the custom of "mangel" (asking items from Gadje) comes from an ancient commandment from God. There is not any other source from which such a particular precept might be found except the Bible verses reported here. Beyond the fact that one may be a believer or not, Roma almost always achieve in finding "favor" from Gadje to obtain what they ask for... As it is an event considered to be unique in history, for a determinate purpose, such custom is not practised in Judaism. There is not any reference among Indo-Aryan peoples having such a tradition. Christianity does not encourage such kind of activity. (Exodus 3:21,22; 12:35-36)* * * * * "They shall take some of the blood, and put it on the two doorposts and on the lintel, on the houses... For the Lord will pass through to strike the Egyptians; and when he sees the blood on the lintel, and on the two doorposts, the Lord will pass over the door, and will not allow the destroyer to come in to your houses to strike you".Roma used to paint the doorposts of their shelters (or the main posts of the tents) with animal blood in some special occasions, or when going out for a trip, as a protective sign to ban the entrance to the "angel of death". As it is an event considered to be unique in history, for a determinate purpose, such custom is not practised in Judaism. There is not any reference among Indo-Aryan peoples of any similar event or tradition. There is not such a tradition among Christians. (Exodus 12:7,23)* * * * * "It happened at the time of the offering of the evening, that Eliyahu the Prophet came near, and said, Lord, the God of Avraham, of Yitzchak, and of Yisra'el,... Then the fire of the Lord fell, and consumed the burnt offering, and the wood, and the stones, and the dust, and licked up the water that was in the trench". "It happened, as they still went on, and talked, that behold, there appeared a chariot of fire, and horses of fire, which parted them both apart; and Eliyahu went up by a whirlwind into heaven".Roma are particularly sensitive towards lightning and thunder. When these natural phenomena arise, they invoke Prophet Elijah to calm the storm. Prophet Elijah indeed, is recognized as the one who has dominion over Baal (that was the god of thunderbolt, whom Elijah defeated with God's lightning that set fire to the altar). Elijah was also taken to heaven by a fire whirlwind. This Bible story has no parallel in any tradition. Elijah in Judaism is known as the "Prophet of fire", because of his connection with lighning and fire in many occasions during his life. Among Indo-Aryans, the thunderbolt is an attribute of Indra, that corresponds to the Canaanite Baal - exactly the opposite to Prophet Elijah! Even though Elijah is a Bible character, he is not usually taught in churches and is not associated with fire or lightning among Christians. (1Kings 18:36,38; 2Kings 2:11)* * * * * "You shall give the firstborn of your sons to Me".Roma consider the firstborn son to be a special blessing for the family. The firstborn son is regarded as a special blessing for the couple in Judaism. There is not such a special status for the firstborn son among Indians.Some Christians consider the firstborn son a special blessing. (Exodus 22:29)* * * * * "You shall not cut the hair on the sides of your heads, neither shall you clip off the edge of your beard".Most Roma are still recognizable by their whiskers, which they keep as a tradition originated in a commandment. Orthodox Jews let their sidelocks of hair grow ("pe'ot") in observance of this commandment. There is no such a tradition among Indo-Aryans. There is no such a tradition among Christians. (Leviticus 19:27)* * * * * "A wise man's heart is at his right hand, but a fool's heart at his left".(Qohelet 10:2)Among Roma, the left hand is related with the public domain, the realm of the Gadje, and by this reason is connected with impurity, although both hands are transitional and need purification every time they have to fulfil impure needs. In Judaism, the left hand is related with the public domain (reshut ha-rabim), the realm of the Goyim, and symbolizes impurity and alienation from God.Among Indo-Aryans, the left hand is considered impure. However, it is not related with public domain or the others' realm. Among Christians the difference between right and left is not connected with purity, but rather with good and evil. * * * * * "You shall not eat of anything that dies of itself: you may give it to the foreigner living among you who is within your gates, that he may eat it; or you may sell it to a foreigner: for you are a holy people".(Deuteronomy 14:21)Roma cannot eat animals that had not been killed with that purpose. Even though hospitality rules require that impure food (like an animal died of itself) will not be offered to Gadje either, the application of this rule is expressed by the separation of dishes and cups that are arranged to offer food and drink to Gadje. No Jew would offer an animal died of itself to Goyim, as this Bible rule was intended for peoples that had such a custom; however, non kosher food may be given to non-Jews, if it is acceptable for them. By tradition, Indians do not eat any kind of flesh because they cannot kill animals, however, some of them accept eating those animals that died by natural causes. Christians cannot eat animals that had not been killed. * * * * * "You shall not go up and down as a slanderer among your people".(Leviticus 19:16)Slander is considered a very serious fault among Roma. The offender may be taken into judgment by the Kris. Although slander is generally condemned in every culture, the Romany concept is identical with lashon ha-ra'a in Judaism. Slander is commonly known as lashon ha-ra'a in Judaism, and is a very serious offense that can be hardly forgiven. Slander is considered a wrongdoing, mainly against religious values. Slander is condemned, but not with the emphasis as it is in Romany and Jewish Law. * * * * * "For these nations, that you shall dispossess, listen to those who practice sorcery, and to diviners; but as for you, the Lord your God has not allowed you so to do".(Deuteronomy 18:14)"Yosef said to them, «What deed is this that you have done? Do not you know that such a man as I can indeed divine?»".(Genesis 44:15)Contrary to popular belief, Roma do not believe in divination, but they use this practice for the Gadje that do listen to them! Roma indeed do not "listen to diviners", but consider this as a kind of prophetic gift they have to deal with Gadje. The kind of divination that Roma know is based on Tarot and Kabbalah, while they have no idea of Indian fortune-telling methods. Even though it was forbidden, divination was practised in ancient Israel, mainly in the Tribes that were deported to Assyria, Media and India. Jewish magics have been derived mainly from Kabbalah. Tarot is very likely of Jewish origin, probably related to the theraphim and with the Hebrew alephbet. Ancient Indo-Aryans were quite superstitious and even today most of Indians are among those that listen to soothsayers and diviners. There are many sorcery schools and disciplines, based on patterns quite different from those known by Roma. Christians must not listen to diviners, however, fortune-telling has always found clients among them. The facts exposed in this comparison table are not all; many other details are still to be mentioned as further evidences that confirm beyond any doubt the true origin of Roma. It is natural that an exiled people acquires some elements from the dominant culture within which is dwelling, even more when such sojourn endures for centuries. However, almost nothing of the Indian character (if anything at all) has been adopted by Roma during a stay that may have lasted five to fifteen centuries. Romany language is the only element that connects Roma with their past exile in India. A shorter period of sojourn in Spain has been enough for Kalé Roma to adopt Spanish language as their own, as well as most Hungarian Roma speak Magyar instead of Romany, and many other groups (actually, more than half Roma do not know Romany language), but they are anyway genuine Roma ‒ obviously, what makes them to be Roma is not their language, but their culture, and as it has been shown, nothing of Romany culture may be ascribed to an Indo-Aryan origin. Roma usually have a Gypsy name besides their civil name; in spite of the Indic background of Romany language, there is not a single Romany name that may be traced to India! Not even in the oldest documents reporting their arrival in Europe. In fact, they already had Bible names in that time. A large number of Romany names are Hebrew, others are Greek, Russian, Spanish, Hungarian, Persian, which is understandable as such names were taken from the countries where they dwelled... but where did they learn the Hebrew names? Most of these names are not common among Europeans. Another not negligible fact has to do with the regrettable practice of bullfighting: many of the famous toreros are Roma, as such a tradition does not contrast with the main patterns of Romany culture ‒ on the contrary, Roma would never kill a horse! The ritual of bull sacrifice was Israelite (Numbers 15:8; Judges 6:25-26; 2Samuel 6:13; Job 42:8; etc.), and the bull was also the emblem that Israelites chose to represent God (Exodus 32:4), later reintroduced by the separated Kingdom of Israel (1Kings 12:28). Bullfighting was practised by some Mithraist peoples of the Middle East, but never in India, and some elements in Romany tradition may be traced back to a sojourn in Persia before they reached India (because these elements are of Zoroastrian influence, not Islamic). Even though Indians do not kill animals, ancient Indo-Aryans and the Scythians of India practised horse sacrifice, but never any bovine was slaughtered! Roma's favourite food is beef, but they would never eat horse or kill one; Indo-Aryans would never kill a bovine, but in ancient times, they slaughtered horses... Details like these abound. It is also an undeniable fact that Roma have never felt any kind of attraction for India, and that they have not been interested in going there until they were told that they came from that land. Yet, Roma do not feel at home in a country having such a different and contrasting character. Honest scholars should review their theories before insisting in what is untenable and incoherent. Instead of stopping their research at a certain point in history, they should go further back with the historic events to ancient times, research about the peoples that arrived in India from the Middle East, why they settled there and how they lived there ‒ being a land where they found no persecution, it is natural that Roma established there until the situation was no longer good, in the same way as today many Roma settled in the United States or Brazil and it is very unlikely that they will leave those countries unless the situation turns negative and threatening for their survival.